Drilling Tools & Equipment

Downhole & Surface Tools for Oil and Gas Well Construction

Drilling a well requires far more than a rig, drill pipe, and a bit. The drill string is a highly engineered assembly of specialized tools, each performing a specific function: maintaining trajectory, absorbing vibration, providing weight, isolating formations, recovering from stuck pipe, and protecting the integrity of the wellbore and surface equipment.

Hoger Sanat Pars supplies a comprehensive range of drilling tools manufactured to API, DS-1, and NS-1 standards from qualified global manufacturers. Every tool is supplied with full material certification, dimensional inspection, NDE records, and traceability documentation.

Drill Bits


Drilling Tools Categories at a Glance

CategoryPrimary FunctionGoverning Standard
Drill BitsFormation cutting and penetrationIADC codes, API 7-1 (connections)
Drill PipeTorque transmission and fluid circulationAPI 5DP, DS-1
Heavy Weight Drill PipeTransitional stiffness and weightAPI 7-1, DS-1
Drill CollarsWeight on bit and directional controlAPI 7-1, NS-1
StabilizersBHA centralization and trajectory controlAPI 7-1, DS-1
Reamers & Hole OpenersWellbore enlargement and conditioningAPI 7-1
Downhole Motors (PDM / Mud Motors)Downhole power for directional drillingAPI 7-2
Jars & AcceleratorsStuck pipe freeing through impact forceAPI 7-1, DS-1
Shock Subs & Vibration DampenersAbsorb destructive drilling vibrationsAPI 7-1
Crossovers & Adapter SubsConnect dissimilar thread types and sizesAPI 7-1, DS-1
Fishing ToolsRecovery of stuck or lost equipment from the wellboreAPI 7-1, proprietary designs
Drilling AccessoriesLifting, handling, and auxiliary BHA componentsAPI 8C, API 7-1

1. DRILL BITS

Formation Cutting & Penetration Tools

The drill bit is the cutting tool at the very bottom of the drill string. It is the component that physically breaks, shears, or crushes the formation rock to create the wellbore. Bit selection is the single most impactful decision affecting rate of penetration (ROP), wellbore quality, directional control, and overall drilling cost per foot.


Drill Bit Types

TypeCutting MechanismBest For
Fixed Cutter (PDC)Polycrystalline diamond cutters shear the rock. No moving partsSoft to medium-hard formations. Long runs. Dominant in modern drilling
Roller Cone (TCI / Milled Tooth)Rotating cones with tungsten carbide inserts or steel teeth crush and gouge the formationMedium to hard formations. Interbedded lithologies. Versatile
HybridCombination of PDC blades and roller conesTransitional formations. Interbedded hard/soft layers. High torque stability
Impregnated DiamondDiamond grit embedded in matrix material. Grinds the formationUltra-hard, abrasive formations. Geothermal, basement drilling
Coring BitsHollow center cuts a cylindrical core sampleFormation evaluation. Geological analysis

PDC Bit Classification (IADC Fixed Cutter Code)

The IADC code uses four characters to describe bit type:

PositionMeaningExample Values
1st CharacterBody materialM (Matrix), S (Steel), D (Diamond/Impregnated)
2nd CharacterCutter density1 (Very Light) through 9 (Very Heavy)
3rd CharacterCutter size1 (>24mm) through 4 (8mm), 5-9 for diamond
4th CharacterBit profile1 (Flat) through 9 (Very Long)

Example: M423 = Matrix body, moderate cutter density, 13mm cutters, medium profile


Roller Cone Bit Classification (IADC Roller Cone Code)

PositionMeaningValues
1st CharacterCutting structure & formation hardness1 (Soft) through 8 (Extremely Hard)
2nd CharacterFormation hardness sub-class1 through 4
3rd CharacterBearing type & gauge protection1 (Standard Open) through 7 (Sealed Journal with Gauge)
4th CharacterAdditional featuresA (Air), C (Center Jet), etc.

Example: 537 = Hard formation TCI, sealed journal bearing, with gauge protection


Bit Selection Factors

FactorConsideration
Formation Hardness & AbrasivenessDetermines cutter type (PDC vs. TCI) and diamond grade
Formation HomogeneityInterbedded formations may require hybrid or impregnated bits
Directional RequirementsPDC bits with specific blade count and gauge design for steerability
Motor vs. Rotary DriveMotor RPM affects cutter cooling. Roller cones have RPM limits
Hole SizeDetermines available bit diameter range
Drilling Fluid TypeOil-based mud cools PDC cutters better than water-based
Bit HydraulicsNozzle configuration for cuttings removal and cutter cooling

2. DRILL PIPE

Covered in full detail under OCTG section. Drill pipe is an OCTG product used in drilling operations.


3. HEAVY WEIGHT DRILL PIPE (HWDP)

Covered in full detail under OCTG section.


4. DRILL COLLARS

Covered in full detail under OCTG section.


5. STABILIZERS

BHA Centralization & Trajectory Control

Stabilizers are cylindrical tools with protruding blades or ribs installed at strategic positions in the bottomhole assembly. They centralize the BHA within the wellbore and control the side force and tilt angle at the bit, thereby managing wellbore inclination (build, drop, or hold angle). A well-designed stabilizer placement program is the foundation of directional drilling.


Stabilizer Types

TypeDescriptionApplication
Integral Blade Stabilizer (IBS)Blades machined directly from a single alloy steel forging. No welded or bolted partsHighest strength. Premium BHA applications. High dogleg environments
Sleeve StabilizerInterchangeable wear sleeve with blades mounted on a mandrel. Sleeve replaceable when wornCost-effective. Abrasive formations where blade wear is high
Welded Blade StabilizerBlades welded onto a central bodyLower cost. Non-critical applications. Limited fatigue life
Non-Magnetic StabilizerManufactured from austenitic stainless steel (P550, P650)Near MWD tools to prevent magnetic interference with directional sensors
Near-Bit StabilizerPlaced immediately above the bitMaximum directional control. Controls bit tilt for build, drop, or hold
String StabilizerPlaced higher in the BHAControls BHA stiffness and pendulum effect

Stabilizer Blade Configurations

ConfigurationDescriptionApplication
Straight BladeBlades parallel to tool axisStandard. Vertical and low-angle wells
Spiral BladeHelical blade profile. 360° wall contactReduces differential sticking. Preferred for deviated wells
3-BladeThree equally spaced bladesSmaller hole sizes. General use
4-BladeFour equally spaced bladesLarger hole sizes. Better centralization
6-BladeSix bladesMaximum wall contact. Large diameter, high angle

Stabilizer Specifications

ParameterRange
Tool ODTypically 1/16″ to 1/8″ under bit size for straight blade. 1/32″ for spiral
Blade Length8″ to 24″ depending on tool size and design
MaterialAISI 4145H Modified (standard), Austenitic SS (non-magnetic)
HardfacingTungsten carbide hardbanding on blade faces for wear resistance
ConnectionsAPI NC, API REG, API FH per BHA requirements
StandardsAPI 7-1, DS-1, NS-1

Stabilizer Placement Strategy

Well TrajectoryPlacementEffect
VerticalNear-bit + string stabilizer high in BHAPendulum effect holds hole vertical
Build AngleNear-bit stabilizer onlyBit tilted up. Builds angle
Hold AngleNear-bit + mid-BHA stabilizerStabilized assembly holds tangent
Drop AngleNo near-bit stabilizer. String stabilizer highPendulum drops angle

6. REAMERS & HOLE OPENERS

Wellbore Enlargement & Conditioning Tools

Reamers and hole openers enlarge a pilot hole to the final wellbore diameter or condition the wellbore wall to full gauge. They are essential when drilling through swelling formations, salt sections, or when the bit produces an undergauge hole. They are also used for under-reaming—enlarging the hole below a casing shoe where the casing ID restricts the bit size.


Reamer Types

TypeDescriptionApplication
Fixed Hole OpenerPDC or TCI cutters mounted on a solid body. Constant ODEnlarging pilot hole. Run above the bit. Reliable and simple
Hydraulic Hole OpenerCutters extend when hydraulic pressure is applied. Retract when pressure dropsUnder-reaming below casing. Allows tripping through restricted ID
Near-Bit ReamerPlaced directly behind the bitSimultaneously drills pilot hole and reams to final diameter
String ReamerPlaced higher in the BHAMaintains gauge through abrasive or swelling formations
UnderreamerExpandable cutters for enlargement below casingDrilling out from under casing shoe. Deepwater. Side tracking
Roller ReamerMultiple roller elements provide gauge contactReduces torque and drag. Conditions wellbore wall

Reamer Specifications

ParameterRange
Pilot Hole SizeMatches bit diameter
Final Hole SizeUp to 2-3 times pilot diameter (depending on tool design)
Cutter TypePDC, TCI, or combination
ActivationFixed (no mechanism), Hydraulic (pressure-actuated), Mechanical (set-down weight or rotation activated)
Material4145H Modified, non-magnetic options
StandardsAPI 7-1

7. DOWNHOLE MOTORS (PDM / MUD MOTORS)

Downhole Power for Directional Drilling

A positive displacement motor (PDM), commonly called a mud motor, converts hydraulic energy from the drilling fluid into mechanical rotation at the bit. This enables directional drilling (in combination with a bent housing or bent sub) and provides additional RPM at the bit independent of drill string rotation—critical for PDC bit performance and for sliding operations in directional wells.


Mud Motor Components

ComponentFunction
Power SectionRotor (chrome-plated or coated steel helix) inside stator (elastomer-lined housing). Fluid pumped through progressive cavities forces rotor to turn
Transmission SectionUniversal joint or flexible shaft that converts eccentric rotor motion to concentric rotation at the drive shaft
Bearing SectionThrust and radial bearings support the drive shaft and transmit WOB to the bit
Drive ShaftRotates the bit. Houses the bit box connection
Bent HousingAdjustable or fixed angle bend that enables directional control. Typically 0° to 3°
Dump ValveAllows fluid to drain from the drill string during tripping to prevent wet connections
Stabilizer SleeveIntegral or add-on stabilizer for motor centralization

Motor Configurations

ConfigurationDescriptionApplication
Straight MotorNo bend. Direct driveVertical drilling. Increasing bit RPM
Fixed Bend MotorSingle fixed bend angle. Typically 1.5°, 1.83°, 2.12°, 2.38°Directional drilling. Build, drop, or turn
Adjustable Bend MotorBend angle adjustable on surface (typically 0° to 3° in increments)Versatile. Can be reconfigured for different well sections without changing motor
Short Radius MotorArticulated design for high doglegs (>20°/100 ft)Short radius horizontal wells
High-Temperature MotorStator elastomer rated for elevated temperature (>150°C). Metal-to-metal power section option for extreme heatGeothermal, HPHT

Motor Specifications

ParameterTypical Range
OD2-7/8″ to 11-1/4″
Lobe Configuration1:2, 3:4, 4:5, 5:6, 7:8 (rotor:stator lobes). More lobes = higher torque, lower speed
Flow Rate80 – 4,000 GPM depending on size
Bit Speed80 – 250 RPM at rated flow
Torque500 – 50,000+ ft-lbs depending on size and configuration
Operating TemperatureStandard: 120°C. HT: 150-175°C. Extreme: 200°C+
Lost Circulation Material (LCM) ToleranceStandard stators tolerate limited LCM. Special designs available for high LCM drilling fluids

Motor Selection Factors

FactorConsideration
Hole SizeDetermines motor OD (typically 1″ to 1.5″ smaller than bit size)
Required Bit RPMPDC bits need higher RPM. Roller cone bits have lower RPM limits
Torque RequirementHard formations, large bits, high WOB require higher torque motors
Bend AngleDetermines build rate capability
TemperatureStator elastomer must withstand BHST plus frictional heating
Drilling Fluid CompatibilityOil-based mud, water-based mud, foam, air—stator elastomer must be compatible
LCM ContentHigh LCM fluids may plug motor. Special rotors available

8. DRILLING JARS & ACCELERATORS

Stuck Pipe Recovery Through Controlled Impact

Drilling jars are mechanical or hydraulic tools installed in the BHA that deliver a high-energy axial impact to free stuck pipe. When the drill string becomes stuck—due to differential sticking, mechanical sticking, or cuttings packing—the jar is activated by applying tension (for upward jarring) or set-down weight (for downward jarring). The stored elastic energy in the drill string above the jar is released as a high-velocity impact at the stuck point.

An accelerator (or intensifier) is a companion tool run above the jar. It contains a compressible medium (silicone fluid or mechanical spring) that amplifies the impact force by accelerating the mass above the jar at the moment of release.


Jar Types

TypeActuationDescription
Hydraulic JarHydraulic meteringFluid is forced through a restricted orifice when tension or compression is applied. After a controlled time delay (30-90 seconds), a valve opens and the jar fires
Mechanical JarMechanical latchPre-set tripping mechanism releases at a predetermined load. No time delay. Fires instantly on reaching set load
Hydro-Mechanical JarCombined hydraulic + mechanicalHydraulic time delay for control. Mechanical release for reliability
Double-Acting JarBoth directionsCapable of jarring upward (fishing) and downward (breaking stuck point)

Jar Specifications

ParameterTypical Range
OD3-1/8″ to 11″
Jar Stroke6″ to 12″
Maximum Overpull200,000 to 1,000,000+ lbs depending on size
Operating TemperatureStandard: 120°C. HT: 200°C+
MaterialAISI 4340/4145, Inconel components for sour service
StandardsAPI 7-1, DS-1

Jar Placement in the BHA

Jars should be positioned to maximize impact at the stuck point while minimizing fatigue on the jar and its connections. Typically placed in the transition zone between HWDP and drill collars, with the accelerator directly above.


9. SHOCK SUBS & VIBRATION DAMPENERS

Absorbing Destructive Drilling Vibrations

Shock subs are mechanical dampening devices installed in the BHA to absorb axial and torsional vibrations generated by the bit and by drill string dynamics. Uncontrolled vibration causes premature bit failure, MWD/LWD tool damage, drill string fatigue, and reduced ROP. Shock subs isolate the sensitive BHA components and drill string from these destructive forces.


Shock Sub Types

TypeDampening MechanismApplication
Hydraulic Shock SubFluid-filled chamber with metering piston. Dissipates energy as heatGeneral BHA vibration control. Most common
Mechanical (Spring) Shock SubBelleville washer stack or coil spring. Absorbs and returns energyAxial vibration. Cost-effective
Torsional Shock SubAbsorbs rotational vibration. Protects connections and motorsStick-slip mitigation. Highly deviated wells
Combined Axial-TorsionalAbsorbs both vibration modesComprehensive protection

Placement

  • Behind the bit or motor (directly absorbs bit vibration)
  • Below MWD/LWD tools (protects sensitive electronics)
  • Above heavy BHA components (isolates drill string from BHA vibration)

10. CROSSOVERS & ADAPTER SUBS

Covered in full detail under OCTG Accessories section.


11. FISHING TOOLS

Recovery of Stuck or Lost Equipment from the Wellbore

Fishing is the operation of retrieving equipment that has become stuck, lost, or broken off in the wellbore. This can be anything from a few joints of drill pipe to an entire BHA, a logging tool, or a piece of junk that fell into the well. Fishing tools are specialized devices designed to engage, grip, cut, mill, or jar the stuck equipment free.


Fishing Tool Categories

CategoryToolsFunction
External CatchOvershot, Die Collar, Taper TapGrip the outside of the fish
Internal CatchSpear (Casing Spear, Tubing Spear, Oversize Spear)Grip the inside of the fish
Junk RemovalJunk Basket, Boot Basket, Junk Mill, MagnetRemove small debris from the hole bottom
Milling & CuttingSection Mill, Washover Shoe, Chemical Cutter, Jet CutterCut pipe or mill away obstructions
Jarring & ImpactFishing Jar, Bumper Sub, IntensifierDeliver impact to free stuck fish
Engagement & IndicationLead Impression Block, Free Point IndicatorIdentify the top and condition of the fish

Common Fishing Tools

ToolDescription
OvershotExternal catch tool. Slips or grapple grip the OD of the fish. Can apply tension, torsion, and circulation
SpearInternal catch tool. Slips expand inside the fish ID
Die CollarHardened internal threads grip the OD. Screwed onto the fish OD. Lower strength than overshot
Taper TapTapered, hardened threads screw into the fish ID
Junk BasketAnnular coring bit with catcher. Retrieves small, irregular debris
Reverse Circulation Junk BasketFluid circulated down annulus, up through tool. Lifts debris into basket
MagnetRetrieves ferrous metal pieces from hole bottom
MillTungsten carbide or diamond cutting faces to grind up metal obstructions
Washover ShoeCuts and washes over stuck pipe. Frees differential sticking
Section MillCuts a window in casing for sidetracking or abandonment
Lead Impression BlockSoft lead surface lowered onto fish. Impression reveals fish top condition and position
Free Point IndicatorDetermines the depth at which pipe is stuck. Stretch measurements and strain gauge readings

Fishing Job Planning

Successful fishing requires careful analysis before any tool is run:

  1. Identify the Fish: Exactly what is stuck? OD, ID, connection type, material, length
  2. Determine Stuck Point: Free point indicator or stretch calculations
  3. Understand Stuck Mechanism: Differential sticking, mechanical sticking, cuttings packing, key seating?
  4. Select Fishing Tool: Based on fish geometry and stuck mechanism
  5. Estimate Required Overpull: Maximum safe pull without parting the string
  6. Plan Jarring Strategy: Where to place jars for maximum impact at the stuck point
  7. Have Contingency Ready: If primary fishing attempt fails, what is next? Washover, cut and retrieve, sidetrack?

12. DRILLING ACCESSORIES

Handling, Protection & Auxiliary Equipment

EquipmentFunctionStandard
Lift SubsProvide lift shoulder for elevatorsAPI 8C
Lift PlugsThreaded plugs for lifting pipe jointsAPI 5CT
Elevators (Casing / Tubing / Drill Pipe)Latch around pipe body for hoistingAPI 8C
Slips (Manual & Pneumatic)Grip pipe in rotary table to suspend stringAPI 7K
Tongs (Manual & Hydraulic)Apply makeup torque to connectionsAPI 7K
Stabbing GuidesAlign pin into box during makeupClient specification
Drift MandrelsVerify minimum ID of every joint before runningAPI 5CT
Thread CompoundAPI-modified thread compound for API connections. OEM-specified for premiumAPI RP 5A3
Hardbanding WireTungsten carbide welding wire for tool joint and stabilizer wear protectionProprietary
Non-Magnetic Drill Collar CoversProtect NMDC from wear and magnetic contaminationClient specification

Drilling Tools Inspection & Documentation

All drilling tools are subject to rigorous inspection throughout their service life per DS-1 and NS-1 standards:

Inspection CategoryCoverageFrequency
Category 3Visual and dimensional. Critical areas onlyBetween wells
Category 4Category 3 + full-length ultrasonic testing (UT) for wall thickness and internal defectsEvery 2-3 wells or as specified
Category 5Category 4 + Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) of all critical areas + full connection inspectionEvery major operation or after overload event

Downhole & Surface Tools for Oil and Gas Drilling Operations

HSP supplies a comprehensive range of drilling tools and equipment for vertical, directional, and horizontal well construction. From the bit to the top drive, we source API-spec and DS-1 compliant tools from qualified global manufacturers.

Our drilling tools portfolio covers the complete Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) , wellbore conditioning, and drilling string components required by drilling contractors, E&P operators, and service companies.



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  1. Drill pCollars

Thick-walled, heavy tubulars placed directly above the bit. Provide the primary source of Weight on Bit (WOB) and contribute to directional control.

· Slick Drill Collars: Smooth outer diameter, cost-effective for vertical wells.
· Spiral Drill Collars: Machined spiral grooves reduce differential sticking risk by minimizing wall contact area.
· Non-Magnetic Drill Collars (NMDC): Manufactured from high-quality austenitic stainless steel (P550, P650). Used near the Measurement-While-Drilling (MWD) tool to prevent magnetic interference with directional sensors.

Standard: API 7-1, NS-1.


  1. Stabilizers

Stabilizers centralize the BHA within the wellbore and control bit tilt and side force to manage inclination (build, drop, or hold angle).

· Integral Blade Stabilizers (IBS): Blades machined directly into a single steel forge. High strength, premium option.
· Sleeve Stabilizers: Replaceable wear sleeves on a mandrel body. Cost-effective for abrasive formations.
· Non-Magnetic Stabilizers: For use near MWD tools.
· Near-Bit Stabilizers: Placed immediately behind the bit for maximum directional control.


  1. Reamers & Hole Openers

Used to enlarge a pilot hole to the final wellbore diameter or to condition the wellbore to gauge (smooth the wall, remove ledges and doglegs).

· Fixed Hole Openers: PDC or TCI cutters on a fixed body.
· Hydraulic / Expandable Hole Openers: Cutters extend by hydraulic pressure; retract for tripping, enabling under-reaming below casing.
· String Reamers: Placed within the BHA to maintain gauge through abrasive formations.
· Near-Bit Reamers: Placed directly behind the bit.


  1. Downhole Motors & Turbines

Provide power directly at the bit for directional and performance drilling.

· Positive Displacement Motors (PDM / Mud Motors): Use drilling fluid flow to rotate the bit via a Moineau-type power section (rotor and stator). Essential for directional, horizontal, and extended-reach drilling.
· Configurations: Straight motor, bent housing motor (adjustable or fixed angle), short-radius motor.
· Power Section: High-speed (low torque) or high-torque (low speed) configurations depending on bit type and formation.
· Turbodrills: Fluid-driven turbine motors for high-RPM drilling in hard, abrasive formations (historically common in Russian and Middle Eastern applications).


  1. Jars & Shock Tools

Deployed within the BHA to manage downhole dynamics and recover from stuck pipe events.

· Drilling Jars: Deliver a high-impact axial blow to free stuck pipe. Available as:
· Hydraulic Jars: Controlled firing mechanism, field-adjustable. Most common in modern drilling.
· Mechanical Jars: Pre-set at surface, robust design.
· Double-Acting Jars: Capable of jarring both upward (freeing) and downward (breaking).
· Shock Subs: Absorb axial and torsional vibration from the bit, protecting MWD/LWD tools, motors, and surface equipment from damaging vibration harmonics.


  1. Crossovers, Subs & Accessories

Short, specialized connections used to adapt, protect, and enhance BHA components.

Item Function
Bit Sub / Bit Adapter Connects the bit to the motor or drill collar when thread types differ
Lift Sub / Elevator Sub Provides a lift shoulder for handling tools during tripping
Saver Sub A sacrificial sub that protects the bottom connection of a motor or MWD tool from wear during repeated bit changes
Float Sub Houses a float valve to prevent backflow of cuttings and formation fluids into the drill string
Circulating Sub Allows diversion of flow to clean the wellbore or spot pills without tripping
Junk Sub / Boot Basket Catches metallic debris from milling or drilling operations to prevent bit and motor damage
Crossover Sub Connects two different thread types/sizes within the BHA
Pony Collar A short drill collar used for precise BHA length adjustment


Quality Standards & Inspection

We source drilling tools manufactured to the following industry standards:

Standard Scope
API 7-1 Rotary drill stem elements (drill collars, subs, stabilizers)
API 7-2 Threading and gauging of rotary shouldered connections
API 5DP Drill pipe specification
DS-1 (TH Hill) Drill stem design and inspection standard (widely adopted globally)
NS-1 Drill stem manufacturing and inspection standard
API 8C / 8B Drilling and production hoisting equipment (if covering top drives, elevators)

All tools are supplied with full material certifications, dimensional inspection reports, and NDE (MPI/UT) records as required.


Our Drilling Tools Sourcing Capability

We Source We Do Not Currently Source
Drill Bits (PDC, TCI, Diamond) Top Drives & Rotary Tables
Drill Pipe, HWDP, Drill Collars Drawworks & Hoisting Systems
Stabilizers, Reamers, Hole Openers Mud Pumps & High-Pressure Manifolds
Downhole Motors (PDM / Turbodrills) Solids Control Equipment (Shakers, Desanders)
Jars, Shock Subs, Crossovers Blowout Preventers (BOPs)
Lifting Subs, Float Subs, Accessories Casing Running Tools

Note: If you require surface drilling equipment (BOPs, top drives, iron roughnecks), we can engage our network on a project-specific basis. Please contact our technical team to discuss.


Talk to Our Drilling Tools Team

Whether you need a single PDC bit for a challenging interbedded section or a complete BHA package for a multi-well campaign, our technical sourcing team is ready to support your requirements.